Explore the Rich Diversity of Traditional Paddy Varieties

June 7, 2023

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High Yield Paddy Variety, SocialDhara.com

Traditional varieties of paddy have stood the test of time and extreme weather variabilities for decades. Local adaptation and resilience have proved to be beneficial for farmers in the state. About 60-65 percent of the traditional varieties of paddy have disappeared from Western Odisha during the last decade. A majority of these varieties disappeared during the severe drought year of 1996. Broadcasted paddy is more than the transplanted paddy. Broadcasting is a usual practice mostly in the uplands.

Content

Preferred Varieties of Traditional Paddy

Saria

Saria is a traditional variety of paddy commonly cultivated by small and marginal farmers in Western Odisha. It is a short duration variety of 60-70 days. It is cultivated usually on the uplands. Seeds are usually broadcasted after the onset of the south-west monsoons. Intercultural operations like weeding are practiced. Farm yard manure is also applied to the plots before sowing. On average, 3-4 cartloads of well-decomposed dried Farm Yard Manure (FYM) are used per acre.

The average labour requirements for cultivating the crop ranges between 6-8 person days mainly for broadcasting, land levelling, weeding, and harvesting. Fertilizers like urea, DAP and Gromor are also used by some farmers presently to enhance the yield. Higher yields have been reported by some of the farmers from 5-8 bags/acre to 12-15 bags/acre. It is a drought-resistant variety and can come up with 3-4 good rains during the Kharif season.

The average input cost per acre is Rs. 1000. The average income per acre is Rs. 3000. This variety is used locally for consumption purposes and is liked for its taste. Puffed and flattened rice can also be prepared from this variety. The straw is long type (4-5 feet) and is used locally for thatching and as fodder for livestock.

Kabiri Chinna

KabiriChinna is a traditional variety of paddy commonly cultivated by farmers in Western Odisha. It is a long-duration variety of 150 days. It is cultivated on lowlands. Seeds are usually broadcasted after the onset of the south-west monsoons. Intercultural operations like weeding are practiced. Farmyard manure is also applied to the plots before sowing. On average, 4 cartloads of well-decomposed dried FYM are used per acre.

The average labour requirements for cultivating the crop ranges between 6-8 person days mainly for broadcasting, land levelling, weeding and harvesting. Fertilizers like urea, DAP and Gromor are used in little amounts by some farmers presently to enhance the yield. The average yields ranges between 10-15 bags/acre. It is a drought-resistant variety and can come up with 2-3 good rains during the Kharif season.

The average input cost per acre is Rs. 1600. The average income per acre is Rs. 4500. This variety is used locally for consumption purposes and is liked for its taste. It is a preferred variety grown for good yield, low fertilizer requirements, and drought-resistant characteristics. Puffed and flattened rice can also be prepared from this variety. The straw is medium type (3.5 feet) and is used locally for thatching and as fodder for livestock.

Galei Kanthi

Galei Kanthi is a traditional variety of paddy cultivated by farmers in Western Odisha. It is a medium-duration variety of 110 days. It is cultivated on lowlands. Seeds are usually broadcasted and sometimes transplanted after the onset of the southwest monsoons. Intercultural operations like weeding are practiced. Farmyard manure is also applied to the plots before sowing. On average, 4 cartloads of well-decomposed dried FYM are used per acre.

The average labour requirements for cultivating the crop range between 5 person days mainly for broadcasting/transplanting, land levelling, ploughing, buesaning, weeding and harvesting. Fertilizers like Urea, DAP, and Gromor are used in little amounts by some farmers presently to enhance the yield. The average yield ranges between 12-15 bags/acre. It is a drought-resistant variety and can come up with 2-3 good rains during the Kharif season.

The average input cost per acre is Rs. 1500. The average income per acre is Rs. 4800. This variety is used locally for consumption purposes and is liked for its taste. It is a preferred variety grown for good yield, low fertilizer requirements, and drought-resistant characteristics. Puffed and flattened rice can also be prepared from this variety. The straw is long type (4-4.5 feet) and is used locally for thatching and as fodder for livestock.

Mahipal

Mahipal is a traditional variety of paddy commonly cultivated by farmers in Western Odisha. It is a medium-duration variety of 120 days. It is cultivated usually in lowlands. Seeds are usually broadcasted after the onset of the southwest monsoons. Intercultural operations like weeding are practiced.

Farmyard manure is also applied to the plots before sowing. On average, 4 cartloads of well-decomposed dried FYM are used per acre. The average labour requirements for cultivating the crop ranges between 6-8 person days mainly for broadcasting, land levelling, weeding, and harvesting. Fertilizers like Urea, DAP, and Gromor are used in little amounts by some farmers presently to enhance the yield. The average yield ranges between 18-25 bags/acre. It is a drought-resistant variety and can come up with 2-3 good rains during the Kharif season.

The average input cost per acre is Rs. 2000. The average income per acre is Rs. 6200. This variety is used locally for consumption purposes and is liked for its taste. It is a preferred variety grown for good yield, low fertilizer requirements, and drought-resistant characteristics. Puffed and flattened rice can also be prepared from this variety. The straw is long type (5 feet) and is used locally for thatching and as fodder for livestock.

Kuliya

Kuliya is a traditional variety of paddy commonly cultivated by farmers in Western Odisha. It is a medium-duration variety of 120 days. It is cultivated usually in medium and lowlands. Seeds are usually broadcasted after the onset of the southwest monsoons. Intercultural operations like weeding are practiced. Farmyard manure is also applied to the plots before sowing. On average, 6 cartloads of well-decomposed dried FYM is used per acre.

The average labour requirements for cultivating the crop ranges between 6-8 person days mainly for broadcasting, land levelling, weeding, and harvesting. Fertilizers like Urea, DAP, and Gromor are used in little amounts by some farmers presently to enhance the yield. The average yields ranges between 15-18 bags/acre. It is a drought-resistant variety and can come up with 2-3 good rains during the Kharif season.

The average input cost per acre is Rs. 1200. The average income per acre is Rs. 5400. This variety is used locally for consumption purposes and is liked for its taste. It is a preferred variety grown for good yield, low fertilizer requirements, and drought-resistant characteristics. Puffed and flattened rice can also be prepared from this variety. The straw is long type (4.5 feet) and is used locally for thatching and as fodder for livestock.

Kalasu

Kalasu is a traditional variety of paddy commonly cultivated by farmers in Western Odisha. It is a short duration variety of 75 days. It is cultivated usually in medium and lowlands. Seeds are usually broadcasted after the onset of the southwest monsoons. Intercultural operations like weeding are practiced. Farmyard manure is also applied to the plots before sowing. On average, 4 cartloads of well-decomposed dried FYM are used per acre.

The average labor requirements for cultivating the crop range between 6-8 person days mainly for broadcasting, land leveling, weeding, and harvesting. Fertilizers like Urea, DAP, and Gromor are used in little amounts by some farmers presently to enhance the yield. The average yield ranges between 8-10 bags/acre. It is a drought-resistant variety and can come up with 2-3 good rains during the Kharif season. The average input cost per acre is Rs. 1000.

The average income per acre is Rs. 5400. This variety is used locally for consumption purposes and is liked for its taste. It is a preferred variety grown for good yield, low fertilizer requirements, early crop, and drought-resistant characteristics. Puffed and flattened rice can also be prepared from this variety. The straw is long (4 feet) and is used locally for thatching and as fodder for livestock.

Traditional Paddy Varieties of Western Odisha

Sl.No	Local name of Paddy	Variety (Long / Medium / Short duration)	Duration (in Days)	Availability (Yes/No)
1	Maljhuli	Short	80	Yes
2	Saplehera	Short	80	No
3	Meghabahul	Short	90	No
4	Dumer	Long	120	No
5	Setka	Short	60	No
6	Sekra	Short	70	No
7	Bhogi	Short	70	No
8	Ganjho	Short	80	No
9	Nenka	Medium	90	No
10	Kusuma	Medium	90	Yes
11	Borei	Medium	90	No
12	Lodei	Medium	90	No
13	Para	Short	60	No
14	Biromoni	Medium	90	Yes
15	Maharaji	Short	90	No
16	Ram Mukut	Medium	90	No
17	Dondo	Short	60	No
18	Nagobel	Short	60	No
19	Pagobori	Medium	90	No
20	Mohul Lutha	Medium	90	No
21	Ambo Jhompa	Medium	90	No
22	Sirchamoti	Medium	100	No
23	Hiran	Medium	100	Yes
24	Surota	Medium	100	No
25	Dusmatia	Medium	100	No
26	Konjhibako	Long	120	No
27	Banko	Long	120	No
28	Biriphuli	Long	120	No
29	Kotokotora	Long	120	No
30	Sokki	Long	130	Yes
31	Bongela	Long	130	No
32	Kakudibija	Long	130	No
33	Puagi	Long	150	No
34	Assamchudi	Long	150	Yes
35	Ratanchudi	Long	150	Yes
36	Baidehi Hundaro	Long	150	No
37	Dumer Phul	Long	150	No
38	Tulasi Bas	Long	140	Yes
39	Nodiakora	Long	140	Yes
40	Pruthiraj	Long	140	No
41	Kolkoti	Long	140	Yes
42	Lalkoin	Long	140	Yes
43	Raghuse	Long	140	No
44	Pipal Bas	Long	140	No
45	Gelei	Long	140	Yes
46	Dhob Hundar	Long	150	Yes
47	Rani Puagi	Long	150	Yes
48	Rajsoindi	Long	150	Yes
49	Jolokeli	Long	140	Yes
50	Lalgori	Long	140	No
51	Sul	Long	110	No
52	Thakur Bhog	Long	140	Yes
53	Nrupati Bhog	Long	140	Yes
54	Godhan	Long	150	No
55	Barenko	Long	100	No
56	Donilose	Long	150	No
57	Lode	Long	150	No
58	Kaki Guji	Long	110	No
59	Maharaji	Long	150	No
60	Dhangodi Khusa	Long	100	Yes
61	Kanjibel	Long	100	No
62	Malpondi	Long	100	No
63	Anjan	Long	120	No
64	Chahar Anthi	Long	90	No
65	Kartik Kali	Long	120	No
66	Radha Jugol	Long	120	Yes
67	Mahipal	Long	140	Yes
68	Chitoli China	Long	140	Yes
69	Ram Mukut	Long	100	No
70	Sale Dhenti	Short	90	Yes
71	Rajdarbar	Long	140	No
72	Samudra Bal	Long	140	No
73	Sunapani	Medium	90	No
74	Minjho	Medium	90	No
75	Jhuturi	Long	120	No
76	Butajhil	Long	140	No
77	Botarijhil	Long	140	No
78	Bogora Luche	Long	140	No
79	Jhumoli Luche	Long	140	No
80	Saan Chodei Gudi	Long	120	No
81	Bod Chodei Gudi	Long	120	No
82	Puroa Tundi	Long	120	No
83	Buta Borei	Short	60-70	No
84	Luliya	Short	60	No
85	Luliya Sekora	Short	60	No
86	Lali Gohondi	Long	140	No
87	Dhogan Monji	Long	140	No
88	Kola Krushna	Long	140	Yes
89	Lal Krushna	Long	140	Yes
90	Kola Kunjo	Long	140	No
91	Attori	Long	120	No
92	Kartik Nali	Long	120	No
93	Tohonga Borei	Long	120	No
94	Jholoka Keri	Long	120	Yes
95	Matia	Long	140	Yes
96	Chinamal	Long	140	Yes
97	Kulchi	Short	70	No
98	Chonor Chini	Long	120	No
99	Sohon Giri	Long	120	No
100	Chitkuni	Long	100	No
101	Gunisa	Long	130	No
102	Bhole Muli	Long	120	No
103	Budhi Bango	Long	100	No
104	Chandra Sena	Long	100	No
105	Kebali	Long	140	No
106	Kaiyenshphuljhuli	Long	140	Yes
107	Mugodhi Jhuli	Long	140	Yes
108	Harishankar	Long	140	Yes
109	Laxmi Bhog	Long	140	Yes
110	Makar Kom	Long	140	Yes
111	Kali Anjan	Long	140	No
112	Magura	Long	140	Yes

Recommended High-Yielding Traditional Varieties

Sl. No.	Name of Paddy variety	Land Type	Duration	Duration	Yield (in bags / acre)
1	Suryajama	Bahal	90 days	90	20
2	Rajogunji	Bahal	100 days	100	16
3	Gelei	Bahal	120 days	120	25
4	Mukta Jhuli	Bahal	100 days	100	16
5	Sorisophulo	Bahal	120 days	120	20
6	Sankaribanko	Bahal	150 days	150	17
7	Assamchudi	Bahal	180 days	180	15
8	Mahipal	Bahal	120 days	120	25
9	Premajhuli	Bahal	180 days	180	20
10	Bodelphuli	Bahal	120 days	120	15
11	Ranisai Jhuli	Bahal	150 days	150	21
12	Hunda	Bahal	120 days	120	18
13	Lahdel	Bahal/Berna	110 days	110	15

Traditional varieties of Paddy presently available

Sl. No.	Name of Variety	Traditional	Land Type (Bahal/Berna/Mal/Antt)	Duration (in days)	Yield (in bags/acre)
1	Ambotupa	Traditional	Berna	75-80	12
2	Assamchudi	Traditional	Bahal	150-160	15-16
3	Badaliphuli	Traditional	Berna	80-90	12
4	Biromoni	Traditional	Berna/Mal	80-90	12
5	Bodelphuli	Traditional	Bahal	120	15
6	Bulu	Traditional	Bahal	135	12
7	Dhankotajhumer	Traditional	Bahal	135	12
8	Gelei	Traditional	Bahal	120	25
9	Geleiganthi	Traditional	Bahal	120	12
10	Hari Shankar	Traditional	Antt	120	12
11	Hunda	Traditional	Bahal	120	18
12	Hundar	Traditional	Bahal	135-145	12
13	Jhuli	Traditional	Bahal	135	20
14	Lahdel	Traditional	Bahal/Berna	110	15
15	Magara	Traditional	Bahal	180	10
16	Magura	Traditional	Bahal	120	12
17	Mahipal	Traditional	Bahal	120	25
18	Mal Jhuli	Traditional	Mal	120	18
19	Malpatri	Traditional	Mal	120	13
20	Meneka	Traditional	Bahal	120	15-18
21	Mugudhi	Traditional	Bahal	120-130	15
22	Mukta Jhuli	Traditional	Bahal	100	16
23	Nenka	Traditional	Berna	90	12
24	Premajhuli	Traditional	Bahal	180	20
25	Rajogunji	Traditional	Bahal	100	16
26	Ranisaheb	Traditional	Bahal	60	15
27	Ranisai	Traditional	Bahal	120	15
28	Ranisai Jhuli	Traditional	Bahal	150	21
29	Ranisiali	Traditional	Antt	120	12
30	Red Saria	Traditional	Antt	60	12
31	Saria	Traditional	Berna	60-70	10
32	Sankarchini	Traditional	Bahal/Berna	70-80	12
33	Sankari	Traditional	Bahal	135	14
34	Sankaribanko	Traditional	Bahal	150	17
35	Saria	Traditional	Antt	60	10
36	Setka	Traditional	Mal	120	12
37	Sorisophulo	Traditional	Bahal	120	20
38	Suryajama	Traditional	Bahal	90	20
39	Tulasiganthi	Traditional	Bahal / Mal / Antt	60-70	15
40	Yubraj	Traditional	Bahal	180	8

Biral Paddy – on the verge of extinction

Sl. No	Local name of Paddy	Variety (Long /Medium/Short duration)	Duration (in Days)	Availability (Yes/No)
1	Saplehera	Short	80	No
2	Meghabahul	Short	90	No
3	Tumer	Long	120	No
4	Setka	Short	60	No
5	Sekra	Short	70	No
6	Bhogi	Short	70	No
7	Ganjho	Short	80	No
8	Nenka	Medium	90	No
9	Borei	Medium	90	No
10	Lodei	Medium	90	No
11	Para	Short	60	No
12	Maharaji	Short	90	No
13	Ram Mukut	Medium	90	No
14	Dondo	Short	60	No
15	Nagobel	Short	60	No
16	Pagobori	Medium	90	No
17	Mohul Lutha	Medium	90	No
18	Ambo Jhompa	Medium	90	No
19	Sirchamoti	Medium	100	No
20	Surota	Medium	100	No
21	Dosokhmatia	Medium	100	No
22	Konjhibako	Long	120	No
23	Banko	Long	120	No
24	Biriphuli	Long	120	No
25	Kotokotora	Long	120	No
26	Bongela	Long	130	No
27	Kakudibija	Long	130	No
28	Puagi	Long	150	No
29	Baidehi Hundaro	Long	150	No
30	Tumer Phulo	Long	150	No
31	Pruthiraj	Long	140	No
32	Raghuse	Long	140	No
33	Pipal Bas	Long	140	No
34	Lalgori	Long	140	No
35	Sul	Long	110	No
36	Godhan	Long	150	No
37	Barenko	Long	100	No
38	Donilose	Long	150	No
39	Lode	Long	150	No
40	Kaki Guji	Long	110	No
41	Kanjibel	Long	100	No
42	Malpondi	Long	100	No
43	Anjan	Long	120	No
44	Chahar Anthi	Long	90	No
45	Kartik Kali	Long	120	No
46	Rajdarbar	Long	140	No
47	Samudra Bal	Long	140	No
48	Sunapani	Medium	90	No
49	Minjho	Medium	90	No
50	Jhuturi	Long	120	No
51	Butajhil	Long	140	No
52	Botarijhil	Long	140	No
53	Bogora Luche	Long	140	No
54	Jhumoli Luche	Long	140	No
55	Saan Chodei Gudi	Long	120	No
56	Bod Chodei Gudi	Long	120	No
57	Puroa Tundi	Long	120	No
58	Buta Borei	Short	60-70	No
59	Luliya	Short	60	No
60	Luliya Sekora	Short	60	No
61	Lali Gohondi	Long	140	No
62	Dhogan Monji	Long	140	No
63	Kola Kunjo	Long	140	No
64	Attori	Long	120	No
65	Kartik Nali	Long	120	No
66	Tohonga Borei	Long	120	No
67	Kulchi	Short	70	No
68	Chonor Chini	Long	120	No
69	Sohon Giri	Long	120	No
70	Chitkuni	Long	100	No
71	Gunisa	Long	130	No
72	Bhole Muli	Long	120	No
73	Budhi Bango	Long	100	No
74	Chandra Sena	Long	100	No
75	Kebali	Long	140	No
76	Kali Anjan	Long	140	No
77	Maharaji	Long	150	No
78	Ram Mukut	Long	100	No

*Bahal=Low land; Berna=Medium Land; Antt=Upland

There is an urgent need to conserve these traditional varieties of paddy “in situ”. All developmental actors including public, private, civil society organizations and NGOs need to play a key role in it.

Also read:

Explore the Rich Diversity of Traditional Paddy Varieties

Content

Preferred Varieties of Traditional Paddy

Saria

Kabiri Chinna

Galei Kanthi

Mahipal

Kuliya

Kalasu

Traditional Paddy Varieties of Western Odisha

Recommended High-Yielding Traditional Varieties

Traditional varieties of Paddy presently available

Biral Paddy – on the verge of extinction

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